26 December 2017

Westfrisian ancestors

Since much of this project is about ancestors and some readers might wonder about my descent, I will now share some facts about this. First, the spread of my roots from the third generation (2x2x2 = 8 great-grandparents) to the sixth generation (8x8 = 64 gr.-gr.'parents of my 8 gr.-gr.'parents), then the variety of first names.

area of the Netherlands (North-Holland) in maps below

(each red dot represents the place of birth of one ancestor ~ map is of 1894)
genertation III: 8 ancestors
birth years range: 1871-1889
generation IV: 16 ancestors
birth years range: 1832-1864
generation V: 32 ancestors
birth years range: 1786-1833
generation VI: 64 ancestors
birth years range: 1750-1812


~ ~ ~


First names in generations VI and VII (birth year range: 1715-1812)

Fathers freq.    Mothers freq. 
Jan 20 Maritje / Marijtje / Maartje 14
Pieter 12 Antje (8) / Anna (1) 9
Klaas 11 Grietje 8
Cornelis 7 Jantje / Jannetje 7
Dirk 6 Neeltje 7
Jacob 6 Trijntje 7
Ariën (4) / Adrianus (1) 5 Dieuwertje 6
Gerrit 4 Elisabeth / Lijsbeth 6
Simon / Sijmen 3 Aafje 5
Abraham 2 Geertje / Gerritje 5
Aris 2 Guurtje 4
Joris 2 Aaltje 2
Maarten 2 Ariaantje 2
Arend 1 Cornelisje 2
Elias 1 Dirkje 2
Floris 1 Immetje 2
Hendrik 1 Aagje / Agatha 1
Herke 1 Geesje 1
Hermen 1 Hiltje 1
Ide 1 Meinouwtje 1
Matthijs 1 Reinouwtje 1
Nien 1 Sijtje 1
Outjert 1 Vokeltje 1
Reijer 1 Wijntje 1
Rens 1
Sijbrand 1
Willem 1

21 December 2017

Chapters and Chronology

(updated March 17)
For my new English Oera Linda translation, I plan the chapter division listed below.

The translation is presented in the original order of the manuscript. A more structured and chronological order may provide a better reading experience:

Historical narratives (add descriptions)
(most years are rough estimates)

1) 2200 to 2100 BCE (15 pages)
 § 7 – 8 [047/06 – 061/27]

2) 1650 to 1550 BCE (21 pages)
 § 9ab [061/28 – 071/29]
 § 4de [033/22 – 040/10]
 § 9c [072/05 – 075/07]

3) 1200 BCE (4 pages)
 § 10ab [075/08 – 079/10]

4) 600 to 500 BCE (31 pages)
 § 11 [079/11 – 087/18]
 § 15c [141/26 – 142/01]
 § 12 [087/19 – 089/32]
 § 1 [001/01 – 005/28]
 § 13b [091/11 – 097/27]
 § 13a [090/01 – 091/11]
 § 13e [106/10 – 113/21]

5) 350 to 50 BCE (68 pages)
 § 14ab [113/23 – 118/31]
 § 14e [130/21 – 131/25]
 § 16d [163/10 – 168/19]
 § 14d [120/10 – 130/20]
 § 14c [118/32 – 120/10]
 § 14f [131/26 – 133/26]
 § 15a [133/17 – 134/21]
 § 16abc [143/01 – 163/09]
 § 15d [142/01 – 142/32]
 § 17 – 19 [168/20 – 210/32]

Other

6) Mythology, theology, teachings
(24 pages)
 §2abc [005/30 – 011/11]
 §6 [045/01 – 047/04]
 §13cd [097/29 – 106/09]
 §15b [134/22 – 141/25]

7) Laws, regulations, justice (27 pages)
 §2d – 4c [011/13 – 033/21]
 §5 [040/11 – 044/27]


CONTENT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - manuscript [page/line]

Letters of Instruction 
 A Hidde Oera Linda, 1256 CE- - - - - - [00a/01] - [00a/23]
 B Liko Ovira Linda, 803 CE - - - - - - [00b/01] - [00b/25]


The Book of Adela Followers
 1 - Introduction

 -a- Council in Confusion, ca. 560 BCE- [001/01] - [001/15]
 -b- Adela’s Advice - - - - - - - - - - [001/16] - [005/08]
 -c- Names of the Reeves
- - - - - - - - [005/08] - [005/28]
 2 - On the Walls of Three Burgs

 -a- Vesta, Take up your Stylus - - - - [005/30] - [006/11]
 -b- Our Primal History - - - - - - - - [006/12] - [006/32]
 -c1 Lyda was Black - - - - - - - - - -
[007/01] - [007/29]
 --2 Finda was Yellow - - - - - - - - - [007/30] - [009/17]
 --3 Frya was White - - - - - - - - - - [009/18] - [011/11]
 -d- Frya’s Tex
- - - - - - - - - - - - [011/13] - [014/08]
 -e1 Vesta: Laws- - - - - - - - - - - -
[014/09] - [014/22]
 --2 Vesta: Frya’s Day - - - - -  - - - [014/23] - [014/31]
 3 - Laws and Regulations

 -a- Burg Laws- - - - - - - - - - - - - [015/01] - [019/07]
 -b- General Laws
- - - - - - - - - - - [019/08] - [021/14]
 -c1 Laws for Army and War
- - - - - - - [021/15] - [023/06]
 --2 Mother and Kings at War- - - - - - [023/07] - [025/03]
 --3 Security and War Aftermath - - - - [025/04] - [026/20]
 4 - From Minos' Writings

 -a- Minos: Preventing War- - - - - - - [026/21] - [027/10]
 -b- Laws for the Steersmen - - - - - - [027/12] - [029/10]
 -c1 Minos: Useful Precedents - - - - - [029/12] - [031/03]
 --2 Minos: Laws- - - - - - - - - - - - [031/04] - [032/01]
 --3 Minos: Aewa- - - - - - - - - - - - [032/01] - [033/21]
 -d- Minos: Minerva - - - - - - - - - - [033/22] - [039/05]
 -e- Minos: Kreta - - - - - - - - - - - [039/05] - [040/10]
 5 - Justice

 -a1 Three Principles - - - - - - - - - [040/11] - [040/25]
 --2 Regulations and Penalties- - - - - [040/26] - [042/09]
 -b1 Punishments for Wrathful People- - [042/10] - [042/32]
 --2 Punishments for Evildoers- - - - - [043/01] - [044/06]
 -c- Three Thieves- - - - - - - - - - - [044/07] - [044/27]
 6-- Yule, Script, Numbers
- - - - - - - [045/01] - [047/04]
 7 - Inscribed on all Burgs

 -a- Before the Bad Times - - - - - - - [047/06] - [049/11]
 -b- How Aldland Sank, ca. 2190 BCE
- - [049/11] - [050/18]
 8 - Inscribed on the Treasureburg

 -a- Magyars and Finns, ca. 2090 BCE- - [050/19] - [053/12]
 -b1 Wodin
and the Magus- - - - - - - - [053/12] - [056/20]
 --2 Tunis and Inka Depart
- - - - - - - [056/21] - [057/32]
 --3 Tunis and the Thyrians - - - - - - [058/01] - [060/11]
 -c- The Idolatrous Gols
- - - - - - - - [060/12] - [061/27]
 9 - Conflict and Migration
, ca. 1630 BCE
 -a1 The War of Kelta and Minerva - - - [061/28] - [065/14]
 -a2 Jon's Revenge
- - - - - - - - - - - [065/15] - [066/15]
 -a3 Kelta and the Gols - - - - - - - - [066/15] - [068/16]
 -b- Jon and Minerva Resettle - - - - - [068/17] - [071/29]
 -c- The Gerdmen Move to Punjab
- - - - [072/05] - [075/07]
10 - On the Eastern Wall of Fryasburg, ca. 1190 BCE

 -a- Ulysus' Quest for a Lamp - - - - - [075/08] - [076/21]
 -b- Athenia: Racemixing and Decadence
- [076/22] - [079/10]
11 - Written on all Burgs
, ca. 590 BCE
 -a- Denmarks Lost- - - - - - - - - - - [079/11] - [081/32]
 -b- Death of Frana
- - - - - - - - - - [082/01] - [085/11]
 -c- Death of the Magus - - - - - - - - [085/12] - [087/18]

Added by Oera Lindas 
12-- Adelbrost: Intrigues and Division- [087/19] - [089/32]
13 - Added by Apollonia

 -a- Apollania: Adel-Bond Alliance- - - [090/01] - [091/11]
 -b1 Bruno
: A Treacherous Maiden- - - - [091/11] - [093/17]
 --2 Death of Adela
- - - - - - - - - - [093/18] - [095/19]
 --3 Ode to Adela
- - - - - - - - - - - [095/20] - [097/27]
 -c1 Primal Teachings 1
- - - - - - - - [097/29] - [099/32]
 --2 Primal Teachings 2
- - - - - - - - [100/01] - [103/25]
 -d- The Unsociable Man
- - - - - - - - [103/26] - [106/09]
 -e1 Apollonia’s Burg
- - - - - - - - - [106/10] - [108/27]
 --2 Apollonia’s Journey- - - - - - - - [108/28] - [113/21]
14 - Added by Frederick
 -a- Frederick: Fryasland Swamped - - - [113/23] - [117/20]
 -b- Gosa: Expulsion of the Blacks
- - - [117/20] - [118/31]
 -c- A Fleet Arrives
- - - - - - - - - - [118/32] - [120/10]
 -d1 Alexander the King
- - - - - - - - [120/10] - [125/05]
 --2 Demetrius and Friso
- - - - - - - - [125/05] - [130/20]
 -e- Northland
- - - - - - - - - - - - - [130/21] - [131/25]
 -f- Defects of the Brokmen -
- - - - - [131/26] - [133/26]
15 - Added by Wilyo

 -a- Wilyo from the Saxonmarks- - - - - [133/17] - [134/21]
 -b1 Helena: Princes and Priests-
- - - [134/22] - [136/07]
 --2 Yesus or Buddha of Kashmir - - - - [136/08] - [141/25]
 -c- Frana’s Will - - - - - - - - - - - [141/26] - [142/01]
 -d- Gosa’s Will
- - - - - - - - - - - - [142/01] - [142/32]
16 - Added by Conrad

 -a- Conrad: Canals and Dykes - - - - - [143/01] - [144/16]
 -b1 Friso: Alliances
- - - - - -- - - - [144/17] - [150/19]
 --2 Friso: Praise and Suspicion
- - - - [150/19] - [154/17]
 --3 Adel and Ifkia
- - - - - - - - - - [154/17] - [157/32]
 -c- Gosa: Purity of Language
- - - - - [157/32] - [163/09]
 -d- Ludger: Punjab Report- -
- - - - - [163/10] - [168/19]
17-- Bede, Son of Haehgan - -
- - - - - [168/20] - [168/32]
 (missing pages: 20)

18-- Rika: Stealing of Titles - - - - - [189/01] - [192/32]
 (missing pages: 2)

19 - The Fourth King after Friso
 -a- Askar Prepares for War - - - - - - [195/01] - [198/19]
 -b- Streams of Blood
- - - - - - - - - [198/19] - [202/06]
 -c- Reyntia’s Dream
- - - - - - - - - - [202/06] - [204/32]
 -d- Askar Lost to Idolatry
- - - - - - [205/01] - [207/14]
 -e- How Punishment Came
- - - - - - - - [207/14] - [208/17]
 -f- Askar’s Failure
- - - - - - - - - - [208/17] - [210/32]
 (missing pages: ?)

19 December 2017

Inventory of other Oera Linda translations

[this post was somewhat edited April, 2023] 

*** for a list of online publications about Oera Linda, go here ***

Mine (read online or buy printed copy/PDF) is the first English translation straight from the original language, as the one by Sandbach (1876) was based on the first Dutch one by Ottema (1872). The Sandbach translation was the basis for most other (non-Dutch/German) ones.

The earlier translations (known to me) that were straight from the original language are:

Dutch:
Ottema - 1872, 1876
Overwijn - 1941, 1951
Jensma - 2006 (1)
De Heer - 2008 (2)
(1) This is the only translation that was based on the assumption that the text is a 19th Century forgery, meant as a joke.
(2) Translation is mostly based on Overwijn but uses unique Yule-font for transcription of the original text.

German:
Wirth - 1933 (some parts were left out)
Menkens - 2013

Norse and improvised English:
Lien - 2013 (web-only)

~ ~ ~

Chronological list of Oera Linda translations (known to me)

year author language title publisher
1872/ 1876 J.G. Ottema Dutch Thet Oera Linda Bok H. Kuipers, Leeuwarden (1, 2)
1876 W.R. Sandbach(1) English The Oera Linda Book Trübner & co., London
1933 H. Wirth(2) German Die Ura Linda Chronik Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig
1941/ 1951 J.F. Overwijn Dutch Het Oera Linda Boek N.V. Enkhuizer Courant/ Chefferd/ web-PDF
1963 E. Sturm German Die Oera Linda Handschriften typewriter copy
1983 F.H. Pierce English The Œra Linda Book typewriter copy
1992 U. & J. Hamilton Swedish Oera-Linda : en Fornfrisisk Krönika Cradle Publications
1998 A. Snyman Afrikaans Die Oera Linda boek Vaandel-Uitgewers, Mosselbaai
2004 A. Soldani Italian Oera Linda il libro, pagine di storia dimenticate web-only
2006 G. Jensma Dutch Het Oera Linda-boek Verloren, Hilversum
2007 J. Fermaut(3) French Le livre des Oera Linda selfpublished, Bierne
2008 S. de Heer(4) Dutch Ћet Oera Linda Bok self-published, Amsterdam
2012 A. Pietrykowska Polish Ksiñega Oera Linda Armoryka, Sandomierz
2013 H. Menkens German Die Oera-Linda-Handschriften Lühe-Verlag, Süderbrarup
2013 H.O. Lien Norse/ (English) Oera Linda-boka/ (The Oera Linda Book) web-only
2017 D. Campayo Bustos Spanish Oera Linda - un manuscrito del siglio XIII web-only
2018 Adel Brost (pseudonym) German Oera Linda Buch web-only
2020 Ανωνυμου Greek Το βιβλίο του Oera Linda - Μαρτυρες Της Αντλαντιδας Υπατια Λυδια
2021/ 2022 Jan Ott English Codex Oera Linda (various editions)
oeralinda.org
(1) Translation of Ottema (1872).
(2) Wirth left out some parts.
(3) Translation of Ottema (1876?).
(4) Bewerking van Overwijn (1951).


Note: the English translation that was published as an appendix to "Survivors of the Great Tsunami" (2010/2011) and "Chronicles from pre-Celtic Europe" (renamed third edition, 2014), self-published by A.J. Raubenheimer were edited versions of the Sandbach translation.

Some of the translations in my collection:


Other:


...

28 November 2017

THJANJA - Diana - dienen

Diana as witch on St. Nicholas altar piece
of 1485, Mühlhausen, Thüringen Germany
(full altar and description below)
Diana is well known as the goddess of hunt, the moon, childbirth, women and nature from Roman mythology. Along with Minerva and Vesta, she was one of the three maiden goddesses, who had sworn never to marry. Less known is that in medieval Germany she was considered mistress of witches and still as dea paganorum: pagan goddess, hundreds of years after the Romans had left.

Was Diana introduced into Germany by the Romans, or had she been a Germanic deity or Mother long before the Romans came?


Wikipedia:
Diana was worshipped at a festival on August 13, when King Servius Tullius, himself born a slave, dedicated her temple on the Aventine Hill in the mid-6th century BC. Being placed on the Aventine, and thus outside the pomerium, meant that Diana's cult essentially remained a foreign one, like that of Bacchus; she was never officially transferred to Rome as Juno was after the sack of Veii. It seems that her cult originated in Aricia, (...)

German Wikipedia (translated):
Nothing was passed down about an initial Diana myth - independent of Greek mythology -, as Diana was identified very early already  and almost completely with the Greek Artemis. The Greek myths were adopted with substitution of the Greek deities by their Roman equivalents.

In the Oera Linda-book, a female deity or divine Mother Thjanja is mentioned along with Frya, Fàsta, Médéa, "and many others" (fragment below). This name also appears many times in the manuscript as verb, meaning to serve, which still has equivalents in several North European languages:

dienen - Dutch, German
tsjinje - Frisian
tjene - Danish, Norwegian
tjäna - Swedish
þjóna, thjóna - Icelandic

Diana by Paul Bergon (1863-1912)
A Dutch female name is Dina (varieties Dine, Diena, Dientje, etc.; perhaps also Tina, Tinka, Tanja, etc.). Origin and meaning are unclear among the specialists. I would suggest that like Diana, it is derived from thiania: dienen.

Oldfrisian dictionaries

Wiarda (1786)
tinia, tyena, thiania - to serve
thianst, thianest - service
thianster - witch (!)

Hettema (1832)
thiania, tjaenje - to serve
thiansta, tjaenst - service, servant
thianster, tjaonster - witch (!)

Richthofen (1840)
thiania, tienia - to serve
thianer, tiener - servant
thianost, thianest, thianst, tienst - service

Note that in OLB the spelling for witch (besides HEX) is "THJONSTER", and no relation to "THJANJA" (to serve) is suggested: [034/15] AS THV THÀN NÉN THJONSTER NE BISTE


Fragment in Oera Linda-book


[132/21]
HWERSA IMMAN EN BYLD MÁKATH ÀFTER ÉNNEN VRSTURVEN ÀND THET LIKT
SÁ LÁWATH HJA THÀT THENE GÁST THES VRSTURVENE THÉR INNE FÁRATH.
THÉRVR HÀVATH HJA ALLE BYLDA VRBURGEN. 

FON FRYA. FÀSTA. MÉDÉA. THJANJA. HELLÉNJA ÀND FÉLO ÔTHERA.

(translation Ott, not yet published:)
When someone makes an image of a dead person and it shows a good likeness, 
they believe that the ghost of the departed resides in it. 
They therefore hide all images 
of Frya, Festa, Medea, Diana, Hellenia and many others.

(translation Sandbach, 1876:)
When they make a statue of a dead person 
they believe that the spirit of the departed enters into it; 
therefore they have hidden their statues 
of Frya, Fâsta, Medea, Thiania, Hellenia, and many others.

(For other fragments with THJANJA used as verb, see post of March 30, 2012.)

~ ~ ~

29 October 2017

HEX, HEXNA and the six-spoke wheel

hexagon and hexagram
Varieties in the Oera Linda-book

noun
HEX (3), plur. HEXNA (4) - witch, sorceress

verb
HÉDE HEXNAD (1), HETH BIHEXNATH (2) - had/has (be)witched, hexed
(infinitive would have been HEXNA)

Note: another word for sorceress or witch in OLB is THJONSTER (used once).

OLB fragments with new translations


1 [034/10]
THÁ GVNGON HJA HJA BIHLVDA ÀND SÉIDON THAT HJU.T FOLK HEXNAD HÉDE.
they started accusing her and said she had bewitched the folk.

Olaus Magnus 1555 depicted witches
causing bad weather and cattle disease
2 [064/28]
MEN MIN.ERVA HETH AL.ET FOLK BIHEXNATH. JES BIHEXNATH FRJUNDA. IVIN AS AL VS FJA THÀT LÀSTEN STURVEN IS.
but Minerva has hexed all the folk - yes hexed, my friends - just like all our cattle that died lately.

3 [065/01]
IK SKOLDE THJU HEX IN HJARA NEST VRBARNE.
I would burn that witch in her nest.

4 [133/10]
ÔLON LÁWATH HJA AN BOSA GÁSTA. HEXNA. KOLLA. ULDERMANKES.
ÀND ELFUN AS JEF HJA FON THA FINNA WEI KÉMEN.

They persistently believe in evil ghosts, witches, sorcerers, forest spirits
and elves as if they stemmed from the Finns.
 

Hexology by J. Ott a.o.
Varieties in modern languages

Hexe behexen/verhexen German
heks(e) hekse Frisian
häxa förhäxa Swedish
heks beheksen Dutch
heks forhekse Danish, Norse


The assumption of some etymologists that the word would be derived from 'hagazussa' (Hague-/ hedge-sister) or 'hagetisse' (lizard), is probably based on medieval folk-etymology. A relation to Greek ἕξ (hex): "six" and the six-spoke wheel makes more sense.
Pennsylvania Dutch Hex Signs


As de zunne schient en het regent, 
dan wörde zegd deur olde meinzen: 
de heksen bint an het pannekoe 
(Dwingeloo)

21 September 2017

WACHTJA - to wait, await

"Waiting for the return of the fishing boats"
by Peter Raadsig (1806-1886)
Modern varieties:
wachten - Dutch
wachtsje - Frisian
to wait - English
warten - German
vente - Danish, Norse
vänta - Swedish
vænta - Icelandic
vahtia (to guard, watch) - Finnish

Some etymological notes:
Dutch, English

Varieties in OLB:
WACHTJA - to wait, await: 1,6,7,8
WACHT - waits (3rd person singular) - 2
HETH WACHT - has/had waited (past perfect) - 5
WACHTON - waited/guarded (3rd person plural) - 4
WACHT HALDEN (to guard) - 3

OLB fragments with new provisional translations:


1 [18/10]
NÉT HJU BY STONDA NÉN RÉD SA MÉI HJU WACHTJA LÉTA SJVGUN DÉGUM
If she does not yet know the answer to his question, she may let him wait seven days

2 [18/28]
TWÉDE SÁ WACHT MÀN JETA EN FVL JÉR
If two-thirds are against her, the case is delayed [lit.: one waits] a whole year

3 [82/19]
THRVCHDAM THA WÉRE NAVT NÉN GODE WACHT HALDEN NÉDEN KÉMON ALLE OM
for the guards had not been prepared [lit.: had not guarded well] and they all fell in action

4 [86/5]
THAM VPPA SKÉPUN WACHTON SKÁTON ÁK NÉI VS THÁ
Those guarding the ships tried to fire back

5 [120/30]
THA ALEXANDRE THAT FORNOM HETH.ER WACHT ALONT ER BÉTER WÉRE
When Alexander heard that, he waited [lit.: has/had waited] till he got better

6 [126/11]
THJU MODER NE THVRADE HJRA JOI NAVT WACHTJA
The mother didn't dare await the return of her 'joy'

7 [126/18]
THRVCHDAM HJU HJRA MAN NAVT WACHTJA THURADE
As she dared not wait for her husband's return

8 [155/19] (not proofread yet)
MEN SIN TÁT BÉD.IM HI SKOLDE JET WACHTJA
but his father urged him to wait a little

23 August 2017

Name List of Persons, Peoples and Places

reading girl in traditional dress by
Nicolaas van der Waay (1855-1936)
[June 18, added NOTE - see here]

Just like the previously posted list of key terms, this name list will grow and evolve in time until it is published together with the coming new English translation of the Oera Linda-book.

Some names will be translated, fully or partly, while others will remain as they are in the original text. Where needed, this list will provide information that explains the choices I made in the translation of the names. It may also be used as an index, as I will add page, line or chapter numbers, where relevant.

A better introduction to this list will be written later and it will be edited. There will be some overlap with the list of key terms.

~ ~ ~

Adela ~ Á.DEL.A, ÀDELA (add other spellings)
[1-5], ...
Apol ~ ÁPOL
[1/20, 5/10], ...
Atland ~ ÁTLAND (add other spellings)
Literally "Old-land", the 'sinking' of which is used as the beginning of the year-numbering system used in the manuscript.
Fryas ~ FRYAS
Free people (as they considered themselves to be) or Children of Frya. See list of key terms.
Hidde Oera Linda ~ HIDDE (TOBINOMATH) OER.A LINDA
[a/22] Copyist of the manuscript in 1256 CE. "Tobinomath" means "surnamed" (to-by-named).
Liko Ovira Linda ~ LIKO (TONÔMATH) OVIRA.LINDA
[b/25] Added letter of instruction to the inheritors of the manuscript in 803 CE. "Tonômath" means "surnamed" (to-named).
Liudwerd/ Liuwert ~ LJUD.WERD/ LJUWERT
[a/16, b/23] Spellings of 803 and 1256 CE respectively of what currently seems to be Ljouwert or Leeuwarden, the capital of the Dutch province Friesland.
Oera Linda/ Ovira Linda ~ OER.A LINDA/ OVIRA.LINDA
Family name, see Hidde, Liko, and ...
Okke ~ OKKE
[a/1] Son of Hidde Oera Linda.


Ovira Linda, see Oera Linda
Weser ~ WRSARA
[1/5, 29]

~ ~ ~

Much, much more to be added. Please come back later.
Note added Sept. 23.: I will do this differently, in a database file first.